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Toothpaste

How to Choose Toothpaste: Fluoride, Sensitivity and Abrasivity

Choose a toothpaste: fluoride levels and types, stannous fluoride, sensitivity ingredients, whitening pastes, abrasivity (RDA), kids' amounts and the ADA Seal.

Quick answer

Choose a fluoride toothpaste; fluoride is the ingredient with the strongest evidence for preventing cavities, and the ADA Seal confirms a paste's claims were reviewed. Stannous fluoride also helps with gum health and sensitivity; potassium nitrate targets sensitivity. Whitening pastes remove surface stains, not deeper color. For children, use a rice-grain smear under age 3 and a pea-sized amount from 3 to 6.

Most toothpaste does the same core job. The differences are in fluoride type, add-on ingredients and abrasiveness.

Key ingredients

Ingredient Purpose
Sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate Cavity prevention
Stannous fluoride Cavity prevention, gingivitis, sensitivity
Potassium nitrate Sensitivity
Hydrated silica Mild abrasive for cleaning
Hydrogen peroxide (low level) Whitening support

Most adult US fluoride toothpastes contain about 1,000 to 1,500 ppm fluoride. Higher-strength pastes are available by prescription.

Sensitivity

Sensitivity pastes work over time; use them twice a day for several weeks. Spit, do not rinse, to leave more active ingredient on the teeth. Persistent sensitivity needs a dental check.

Whitening pastes

Whitening toothpastes remove surface stains with abrasives or low-level peroxide. They do not change the natural shade of teeth like whitening strips or trays.

Abrasivity

RDA measures abrasiveness. ADA-accepted pastes fall within the ADA’s safe limit. Very abrasive pastes plus hard brushing can wear exposed root surfaces.

Kids

Age Amount
Under 3 Rice-grain smear of fluoride toothpaste
3 to 6 Pea-sized amount

Supervise young children so they spit rather than swallow.

This is general information, not dental advice. Browse toothpaste and rinse.

Common questions

Do I need fluoride toothpaste?

For cavity prevention, fluoride toothpaste is what the ADA recommends for most people.

What toothpaste is best for sensitive teeth?

Pastes with potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride, used consistently for a few weeks. See a dentist if sensitivity persists.

How much toothpaste should kids use?

A smear the size of a grain of rice under age 3, and a pea-sized amount for ages 3 to 6, per the ADA.

What is RDA on toothpaste?

Relative dentin abrasivity, a measure of how abrasive a paste is. ADA-accepted toothpastes must be within its limit.